World War I 101 A Brief Overview

Effects Of The Grand Industrial Revolution - 877 Words

The Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution was a time that England and America set the stage for life as we know it today. It brought the developmental changes of agriculture, manufacturing, mining, communication and transportation to the European empires and eventually the entire world. Everywhere we look we can see how it has impacted our quality of life, family structure, career paths, and even education. There are endless possibilities when explaining the effects of the grand Industrial Revolution. In fact, many would say that the era of the Industrial Revolution had more of an impact on society than any other time in history. The start and end of the Industrial Revolution is still debated by historians, however between 1760 and 1840 Britain and American seen the biggest impact their countries would ever experience. It Britain the upper class folk were known as aristocrats who held high social status and were born into wealth. The peasants and farmers worked hard every day for low wages that would never let them see a better way of living. If you weren’t born into one of these wealthy families you were destined to use your hands working the fields for your whole life. The spinning machine was the first machine of its kind to spin cotton and produce product faster than any other known way at that time. It was ran by the energy of a water wheel, and inner workings similar to a clock. The man known for creating this state of the artShow MoreRelatedNegative Effects Of The Industrial Revolution923 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Agricultural Revolution gave leeway to the Industrial Revolution of the seventeenth and eighteenth hundreds. Previous landowners and investors of the Agricultural Revolution were able to start or participate Corporations and Businesses to seek great profit. New machinery and technological innovations were frequent due to the demand for faster, more efficient technology. Working class families, who were arguably the sole reason for the grand success of the Industrial Revolution, moved from theirRead MoreAmerican and French Revolution - Essay1419 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican and French Revolutions declared that their goal was to crea te a new political system based on the principles of liberty and equality. However, the interpretation of those ideas by the American Founding Fathers turned out to be distinctly different from that of the French revolutionaries. How did those different interpretations of the concepts of liberty and equality affect the outcomes and the legacies of both revolutions? Analyze, compare, and contrast. The American Revolution officially beganRead MoreEmergence of the Modern World1842 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿The Emergence of Modern World The 16th century was a period of extraordinary transformation of the world. It marks the very beginning of the modern era of knowledge, skill, art and science. It was the time of grand investigation and discoveries, religious and political havocs, and astonishing literature. Europes overland trade routes to the East had been blocked by 14th century due to the disintegration of the Mongol empire and the expansion of the Ottoman Empire. Thus began the Age of DiscoveryRead MoreRomanticism Visual Art922 Words   |  4 PagesGenerally, Britain and Germany were seen at the forefront of romanticism. The British Industrial Revolution initiated a disillusionment in rationalism and materialism, consequently rejecting classicism. French Romanticism developed relatively late because of Neoclassicism being rooted in French art and especially in the society’s structure. Eugà ¨ne Delacroix’s painting Liberty Leading the People depicts the July Revolution of 1830. Parisian coup dà ©tat resulted in Charles X dethroning and replacement withRead MoreComparison and contrast between Blake and Wordsworths views on London with poems London and London, 1802 respectively.1454 Words   |  6 PagesPoetry was an outsider to the cold, efficient, emotionless environment of the Industrial Revolution. Romantics of all arts criticized the changing ways of life and idealized the pre-industrial revolution era. London was the haven to this revolution, and the hell to all poetry. William Wordsworth and William Blake both denounced Londons new environment with their poems London, 1802 and London respectively. Both authors were against this transformation of the city because it destroyed all beautyRead MoreHow Far Was the Russo – Japanese War of 1904 – 1905 Responsible for the Outbreak of the 1905 Revolution?1021 Words   |  5 PagesThe Russo – Japanese war did is seen as a short term factor that was responsible for the 1905 revolution, however there are many other short term and long term factors which also contribute to being responsible for the 1905 revolution. The way the Tsar ran the country, social problems, changing society inside and outside Russia, Bloody Sunday etc... The Russo – Japanese war saw Russia lose to Japan. Russia saw itself as a great and powerful country, compared to others, Russia wanted to expandRead MoreRomanticism Essay778 Words   |  4 Pages(writer). ïÆ'Ëœ 1762: â€Å"Man was born free, and he is everywhere in chains.† Jean-Jacques Rousseau. ïÆ'Ëœ 1770(-1840): Neo-Classicism ïÆ'Ëœ 1770(-1850): William Wordsworth (writer) was born. ïÆ'Ëœ 1770: Industrial Revolution had an influence on the Romantic period. ïÆ'Ëœ 1785: Grim Brothers. ïÆ'Ëœ 1789: French Revolution. ïÆ'Ëœ 1800 Start of Romanticism ïÆ'Ëœ 1802(-1885): Victor Hugo (writer) was born. ïÆ'Ëœ 1802(-1870): Alexandre Duman, sr. (writer) was born. ïÆ'Ëœ 1803: Romanticism welcomes Christianity. ïÆ'Ëœ 1813: The WaltzRead MoreWhat Is Fascism?1564 Words   |  7 Pageslearning objective of a History course, is to refer to such concepts, past consciousness?) which criticised the alienating effect that ‘industrial society’ (the major, revolutionary event) had on modern man, as well as late 19th century ‘critiques of Liberalism and Positivism’ (advanced acquiring of knowledge, inclusion of advanced and relevant concept). They believed that industrial society robbed men of their individuality; however they wanted to assert it at the same time (understanding of people ofRead MoreClimate Change Which Side Is Right?1714 Words   |  7 Pagesin fact real, and it is a major threat to the survival of mankind; Man is to blame for global warming because Man has emitted an array of harmful gases, primarily carbon dioxide through the burning of fossil fuels, which started during the Industrial Revolution Era. The result is an affected ozone layer. In turn the ga ses that are emitted are trapped within the Earth’s atmosphere, increasing the average temperature of the Earth at a dangerous rate. In 1970, the Clean Air Act was passed, where theRead More Reasons Behind the Industrial Revolution Essay example2739 Words   |  11 PagesReasons Behind the Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution was the widespread replacement of labor by machines driven by water wheels, windmills and later by steam power. This change called the Industrial Revolution was a process, which began in the 18th century and continued well into the 19th century. The Industrial Revolution was the result of interrelated changes, which transformed agricultural economies into industrial ones. The immediate changes made by

Title Of Paper Organizational Change And free essay sample

Title Of Paper: Organizational Change And Resistance To Change Essay, Research Paper Grade Received on Report: 78 Future coevalss, looking back on the last old ages of the 20th century, will see a contradictory image of great promise and every bit at great uncertainness. The 1990 # 8217 ; s have all the symptoms of a # 8220 ; turning point # 8221 ; in universe history, a minute when many of the structural # 8220 ; presumptions # 8221 ; of societal development themselves become debatable and universe society undergoes profound reorganisation. These developments occur within a frame work of quickly spread outing societal and economic mutuality on a planetary graduated table. Organizations evolve through periods of incremental or evolutionary alteration. The major work alterations go oning today are alterations in organisational scheme, organisational construction and design, engineering and human resources. A alteration in organisational scheme is an effort to change the organisation # 8217 ; s alliance with it # 8217 ; s environment. Mercedes, for illustration, is traveling to present this twelvemonth the new Classe A, which is more oriented to the new immature coevals who wants to have a Mercedes. Though Mercedes wants to maintain its image of a high category auto manufacturer, it overtook this new scheme to reenforce its presence in the market. Organization alteration might besides concentrate on any of the basic constituents of organisation construction or on the organisation whole design. Nobuhiko Kawamoto, president of Honda, late reorganized the Nipponese car manufacturer # 8217 ; s direction hierarchy. He drew up a new organisation chart, he created a planning board and he has taken stairss to authorise lower-level workers. All this in order to accommodate better to the fierce market of auto devising. Because of the rapid rate of all technological invention, technological alterations are going progressively of import to many organisations. One major country of alteration involves equipment, therefore a alteration in work procedures or work activities possibly necessary. Timex, for illustration, 3-D design package from Toronto based package Alias Research Inc. to be able to turn out tickers faster. Organization control systems may besides be marks of such a alteration. Another country of organisation alteration has to make with human resources. An organisation might decide to alter the skill-level of its work force and the degree of public presentation of its workers. Percepts and outlooks, attitudes and values are besides a common focal point on organisational alteration. Organizational alteration is anticipated or triggered because of different altering fortunes, an organisation might incur a alteration because of forces flexing its environment. These forces might be either external or internal. The external forces derive from the organisation # 8217 ; s general or undertaking environments. The general environment is parted into different dimensions: the international, the economic, the technological, the socio-cultural and the political-legal dimension. A good illustration is Russia # 8217 ; s switch from a communist state to a capitalistic 1. This displacement affected organisations inside and outside Russia, on the economical and political-legal degrees, organisations inside the state had to take on drastic alterations to flux with the environment nationally and internationally. On an international degree, international organisations saw in Russia an interesting potency market. As for the undertaking environment it includes rivals, clients, providers, regulators and strategic Alliess. Pepsi Lebanon had ever been the lone Cola manufacturer in the state since the early 1970 # 8217 ; s, until recently Coca-Cola entered the market one time more. Pepsi recognizing the danger of its rival launched a new selling scheme to maintain its clients. The internal forces are chiefly related to the organisation # 8217 ; s internal environment but some internal forces might be contemplations of external 1s. All organisations will see alteration at one clip or another. Obviously, spread outing the boundaries of exchange and cultural contact creates both chance and hazard. The challenges for directors is to accommodate decently the civilization and the scheme of their organisations to its current environment. Unfortunately, direction International Relations and Security Network # 8217 ; t working as it should: in a revealing statistic, taking practicians of extremist corporate reengineering study that success rates are between 20 % and 80 % . Determined directors follow up with programs for procedure betterment. Directors look for enthusiasm, credence and committedness, but it gets something less. Hence, communicating interruptions down, execution programs miss their grade and consequences autumn short. This happens frequently adequate that we have to inquire why and how we can avoid these failures. Although each company # 8217 ; s peculiar fortunes account for, some of the jobs have common roots: N Directors and employees view change otherwise: top degree direction sees alteration as an chance to beef up the concern and to progress in their calling, but for many employees, including center directors, alteration is neer sought after or welcomed ; it is riotous and intrusive. At Philips Electronics in the Netherlands, employees # 8217 ; failures to understand altering curie rcumstances drove the company to the threshold of bankruptcy. n Uncertainty is the biggest of employee opposition to alter. In the face of impending alteration, employees may go dying and nervous. They may worry about their ability to run into new occupation demands, they may believe that their occupation security is threatened, or they may merely dislike ambiguity. RJR Nabisco Inc. , was late the mark of an drawn-out and confusing coup detat conflict, and during the full clip, employees were nervous about the at hand alteration. n A alteration might endanger the opportunisms of some directors within the organisation, potentially decreasing their power or influence. Directors so affected may contend the alteration. Directors at Sears, Roebuck and Co. late developed a program naming for a new sort of shops. The new shops would be slightly smaller than typical Sears shops and would non be locate in big shopping promenades. Alternatively they would be located in smaller strip-shopping centres. When executives in charge heard about the program, they raised such strong expostulations that the full thought was dropped. n Many alterations involve changing work agreements in ways that disrupt bing societal webs. Because societal relationships are of import, most people resist a alteration that might adversely impact those relationships. Other intangibles that are threatened by alteration and that might give a feeling of loss include power, position, security, acquaintances with bing processs, and assurance. Steven Jobs hired John Sculley to convey professional direction to Apple. He subsequently found that he did non like Sculley alterations and wanted things as they were earlier. His ain position and ego assurance were being threatened. Jobs tried to oust Sculley, lost power with the board of managers, and so left himself. To shut those spreads directors should cognize how to confront and get the better of opposition to alter. Although there are no certain solutions, several techniques at least have the possible to diminish or even extinguish this opposition. n Participation is frequently the effectual technique for get the better ofing opposition to alter. Employees who participate in planning and implementing a alteration are better able to understand the grounds for the alteration. Uncertainty is reduced, and opportunisms and societal relationships are less threatened. Having had an chance to show their thoughts and to understand the positions of others, employees are more likely to accept the alterations more gracefully. n Educating employees about the demand for and the expected consequences of an at hand alteration may cut down their opposition. And if unfastened communicating is established and maintained during the alteration procedure, uncertainness can be minimized. n Several facilitation processs, which include doing merely necessary alterations, denoting those alterations good in progress, and leting clip for people to set to new ways of making things, can assist cut down opposition to alter. By nearing these stages consistently and making expressed links between employees # 8217 ; committedness and the company # 8217 ; s necessary alteration results, directors dramatically better the chance of achieving demanding marks. That # 8217 ; s what a little household owned concern did. Eisai was one of the original makers of vitamin E. Over the old ages, it developed drugs for the intervention of cardiovascular, respiratory, and neurological diseases. By the terminal of the 1980 # 8217 ; s, such drugs comprised 60 % of the company # 8217 ; s entire gross revenues. Several old ages after going CEO, Naito formulated a extremist new vision for Eisai that he called # 8220 ; Human Health Care # 8221 ; ( HHC ) : it extended the company # 8217 ; s focal point of fabricating drugs to bettering the overall quality of life. To carry through that mission, Eisai had to develop wider scope of merchandise and services. Indeed, for his vision to go a world, Naito knew that employees themselves should take part in implementing this thought. When Naito announced his new strate! gray, he initiated a preparation plan for all his employees about the HHC and its derived functions. Then he charged the directors to turn the penetrations from their experiences into proposals for the new merchandises and services. Those directors operated outside both the normal organisational construction and the company # 8217 ; s traditional cultural boundaries, they had a squad work when planing new merchandises or plans by seting together their thoughts. When they reported back to Naito he personally evaluated their public presentation. As a consequence junior people had a opportunity to interrupt out the old system and to determine the development of the company # 8217 ; s new scheme. Although personal compacts at Eisai are still dominated by traditional cultural norms, Naito # 8217 ; s ability to take his employees through a procedure in which they examined and revised the old footings, enabled them to carry through major strategic alteration. We conclude that whatever the alterations inside an organisation might be, and whatever the grounds that made these alterations necessary, a good manner of implementing the alterations successfully is for a director to handle the engagement and the communicating with his employees as built-in parts of the alteration procedure.

Head Used in Idioms and Expressions

'Head' Used in Idioms and Expressions The following idioms and expressions use the noun head. Each idiom or expression has a definition and two example sentences to help understanding of these common idiomatic expressions with head.   Able to do something standing on ones head Definition: do something very easily and without effort Hes able to count backward standing on his head.Dont worry about that. I can do it standing on my head. Bang your head against a brick wall Definition: do something without any chance of it succeeding Ive been banging my head against a brick wall when it comes to finding a job.Trying to convince Kevin is like banging your head against a brick wall. Beat something into someones head Definition: teach someone something by repeating it over and over again Sometimes you just need to beat grammar into your head.My father beat the importance of kindness into my head. Bite someones head off   Definition: criticize someone strongly Tim bit my head off last night at the party.Dont bit my head off just because I made a mistake. Bring something to a head   Definition: cause a crisis to happen We need to bring the situation to a head to get a resolution.The immigration situation brought the political crisis to a head. Bury ones head in the sand   Definition: ignore something completely Youre going to have to face the situation and not bury your head in the sand.He chose to bury his head in the sand and not confront her. Cant make heads or tails out of something Definition: not be able to understand something I hate to admit that I cant make heads or tails out of this math problem.The politicians cant make heads or tails out of the current employment crisis.   Drum something into someones head Definition: repeat over and over until someone learns something I had to drum German grammar into my head for two years before I could speak the language.I suggest you drum this into your head for the test next week. Fall head over heels in love Definition: fall deeply in love She fell head over heals in love with Tom.Have you ever fallen head over heels in love? From head to toe Definition: dressed or covered in something completely Hes dressed in blue from head to toe.Shes wearing lace from head to toe.   Get a head start on something Definition: begin doing something early Lets get a head start on the report tomorrow.She got a head start on her homework immediately after school. Get your head above water Definition: keep going in life despite many difficulties If I can find a job Ill be able to get my head above water.Study these pages and youll get your head above water. Get someone or something out of ones head Definition: remove someone or something from your thoughts (often used in the negative) Im really upset that I cant get her out of my head.She spent three years getting those experiences out of her head. Give someone a heads start Definition: let someone else begin before you in  a competition of some kind Ill give you twenty minutes heads start.Can you give me a heads start? Go over someones head Definition: not be able to understand something Im afraid the joke went over her head.Im afraid the situation goes over my head.   Go to someones head Definition: make someone feel better than others His good grades went to his head.Dont let your success go to your head. Stay humble. Have a good head on your shoulders Definition: be intelligent Shes got a good head on her shoulders.You can trust him because hes got a good head on his shoulders. Head someone or something off Definition: arrive before someone or something else Lets head them off at the pass.We need to head the problem off. Hit the nail on the head Definition: be exactly right about something I think you hit the nail on the head.His answer hit the nail on the head. In over ones head Definition: do something that is too difficult for a person Im afraid Peter is in over his head with Mary.Do you ever feel that youre in over your head? Lose your head Definition: become nervous or angry Dont lose your head over the situation.She lost her head when he told her he wanted a divorce. Learn more idioms and expressions in English with resources on the site, including stories with multiple idioms and expressions in context.

Mud Lick Creek Project

Mud Lick Creek Project Abstract Due to the increased instances of freshwater pollution in many American water sources particularly through agricultural and industrial wastes, which are discharged into the water, students were asked to monitor the quality of water at the Mud Lick creek (I think the statement now makes sense as you had requested). During these investigative sessions, the students collected data regarding the dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, and the temperature of water samples collected from the creek. The average value of the water temperature at the creek ranges from 6-12 °C.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Mud Lick Creek Project-Fresh Water Pollution specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Furthermore, the average value of turbidity ranges from 0-40 JTU relative to different experiment days. Moreover, the average pH value equals 7.25 for the three trials conducted over the whole experiment duration. Lastly, the averag e value of dissolved oxygen ranges from 4-8 parts per million and the saturation percentage is in the range of 55-64%. The experimental findings provided above show that the level of freshwater pollution at the creek is irregular because the results show slight changes from the normal properties of freshwater particularly the pH, dissolved oxygen, and its turbidity. On the other hand, the study findings diverge from most studies reviewed in this research paper particularly those regarding the quality of water in many American water sources. As a result, additional studies are required to ascertain the accuracy and precision involved in the current study including determining additional parameters, which can enable one to measure the quality of water at the creek more accurately. [The information given in this section shows the writer’s stand regarding the experimental findings relative to other study findings reviewed in this research paper. Besides, the statement is drawn fr om the discussions provided in the conclusion] Introduction Freshwater pollution entails instances whereby the sources of inland water are contaminated through the presence of various substances in water, which make it unsafe for various uses (Saunders 16). As a result, most studies show that pollution may occur through the discharge of fecal matter, chemical substances, pesticides, petroleum components, fertilizer sediments, and other discharges into freshwater thereby making it unfit for fishing, swimming and drinking.Advertising Looking for research paper on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, in the United States, various studies note that fecal matter and other potential pollutants are discharged into rivers, and therefore, there is evidence of freshwater pollution in most American streams and rivers. According to Pollution Issues (par. 1), â€Å"In the mid-twentieth century, ma ny American rivers and streams were open sewers, choking on everything from human waste to highly toxic industrial discharges.† Furthermore, fresh water sources contribute to about 3% of the total water sources on the earth’s surface. However, in the United States, each household consumes about 94,000 gallons of fresh water per annum. Moreover, the sources of the fresh water for domestic use include rivers and lakes. Unfortunately, studies conducted in 2000 show that about 40% of rivers and 45% of lakes in the United States are polluted with pesticides and fertilizers due to runoffs (Pollution Issues par. 13). This form of pollution poses great danger to human beings because the contents of the runoffs include phosphates, pathogens, petroleum oils, gasoline, and other pollutants. Conversely, various human activities are attributable to freshwater pollution in different aspects. For example, the increased number of households connected to sewerage treatment systems has b een associated with freshwater pollution in most OECD-member countries (OECD 100). Moreover, OECD (101) states that, â€Å"Agriculture is an important contributor to water quality problems, particularly nitrate pollution in surface and groundwater, phosphorus levels in surface water, contamination with pesticides, and the harmful effects of soil sediments and mineral salts.† At the Mud Lick creek under investigation, there is evidence of agricultural activities on the upper side of the tributary. This potential source of pollutants poses significant risks to the quality of water at the creek in terms altering the temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and the turbidity of the water (Pollution Issues par. 3). As a result, there is the paramount need to investigate the water quality at the Mud Lick creek in this research paper.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Mud Lick Creek Project-Fresh Water Pollution specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/p age Learn More This research paper aims at determining the water quality at the Mud Lick creek relative to various qualitative and quantitative parameters such as temperature, pH, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen. Here, it is hypothesized that the water temperature will be in the range of 12-24 °C relative to different experimental conditions and days. Moreover, the pH of the water is hypothesized to range from neutral to slightly alkaline. On the other hand, the value of turbidity is hypothesized to range from 0-42 JTU due to different agricultural activities and pollutant discharge rates at the creek. Lastly, the level of dissolved oxygen is hypothesized to vary relative to the temperature of the water samples. Overall, the findings regarding the present survey seem to diverge from the current studies on freshwater pollution in many American rivers and Streams. [The information provided in this section serves as the thesis statement, which is explained in detail i n the subsequent paragraphs. As a result, there is no need to cite the information because it entails a personal account regarding the experiment] Methods and Materials The investigation of the quality of water at the creek entails measuring the temperature, pH, turbidity, and the dissolved oxygen. Each of these parameters requires different procedures and Test Kits. For instance, to determine the turbidity of water, one requires a sample collection jar, a Secchi disk, and a color chart (World Health Organization 68). Here, a white sample collection jar is used to carry out the experiment. The first step entails removing the icon sticker from the Secchi disk. Secondly, place the sticker slightly off center on the inner bottom side of the sample collection jar 8-24 hours prior to the commencement of the experiment. This process ensures that the adhesive cures adequately. Thirdly, fill the jar with water up to the turbidity level indicated by a label. Lastly, hold the turbidity chart against the jar containing water in order to compare the appearance of the disk icon to that on the chart (World Water Monitoring Day 8-10). Subsequently, record the value in JTU in a table of results. Conversely, to determine the pH of the water samples, one needs to have a pH test tube, a pH reagent tablet, and a pH color chart (World Health Organization 67).Advertising Looking for research paper on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As a result, the first step in measuring the pH value involves filling the pH test tube with 10 ml of the water sample. Secondly, one piece of the pH test tablet is added into the test tube. Thirdly, the test-tube is sealed and the contents mixed by inverting the tube until the tablet dissolves. Lastly, hold the test tube against the pH chart and compare the color of the test-tube contents to the one on the chart (World Water Monitoring Day 17). Record the pH value in the table of results as shown in Appendix 1. Furthermore, to determine the value of dissolved oxygen in a water sample, the experimenter requires one measuring vial, test tablets, and a color chart (World Health Organization 51). Here, the first step involves recording the temperature value of the water samples. Secondly, the vial is submerged and filled to the top with a sample of water whose temperature has been determined. Thirdly, two test tablets are added into the vial. Subsequently, the vial is capped and the co ntents mixed by inverting the vial severally for four minutes. Afterwards, the vial is left to stand for an additional five minutes in order to allow for color development. Lastly, the vial is held against the color chart to compare the color in the vial with the one on the chart (World Water Monitoring Day 13-15). The results are recorded in a table of results in parts per million. Furthermore, the % saturation is determined from the % saturation chart. It is worth noting that the current experiment was performed three times on different days and the average values for temperature, turbidity, pH, and dissolved oxygen recorded as shown in Appendix 1 2. Results The results obtained in the present experiment were recorded in form of tables as shown in appendix 1 2. From these tables it is notable that the average value for temperature lies in the range of 6-12 °C for the three trials conducted. Furthermore, the average value for turbidity ranges from 0-40 JTU relative to different experiment days. Moreover, the average pH value is 7.25 for the three trials. Lastly, the average value for dissolved oxygen (DO) ranges from 4-8 ppm and the saturation percentage is in the range of 55-64%. Here, the value of % saturation is determined by comparing the value of dissolved oxygen in parts per million against the water temperature on the % saturation chart shown in Appendix 3. Conclusions Relative to the findings of the experiment described above, it is obvious that the quality of water varies with different industrial, agricultural and human activities around water bodies (Saunders 16). As a result, the study findings show that the level of freshwater water pollution at the creek is irregular and limited to low levels of pollutants. For instance, the value of turbidity is zero for most experimental trials except for one trial, which shows an increase in the value of turbidity. Furthermore, the findings show that there are minimal levels of thermal pollution at the cr eek since the temperature values recorded are relatively low. As a result, there is evidence of high levels of dissolved oxygen, which can support both aquatic and terrestrial life forms. According to World Water Monitoring Day (11), â€Å"Aquatic animals are sensitive to changes in water temperature and require a certain temperature range to survive and thrive†¦.Temperature also affects the amount of oxygen water can hold.† Therefore, the low temperature value for water at the creek contributes to a smaller % saturation value, which reflects a higher dissolved oxygen value as provided in the World Water Monitoring Day (13) whereby the author posits that, â€Å"water at 28 °C will be 100% saturated with 8 ppm dissolved oxygen. However, water at 8 °C can hold up to 12 ppm of oxygen before it is 100% saturated.† On the other hand, the pH value of the water at the creek is slightly basic, and thus, there is evidence of low levels of fertilizer or industrial pollu tants in the water (World Health Organization 67-69). Unfortunately, there are no statistical studies regarding the quality of water at the Mud Lick creek, which will allow one to make appropriate comparisons. However, different studies note that many American fresh water sources are polluted with different substances contrary to the findings of the current study. Therefore, there is the paramount need for additional studies, which should aim at carrying out random sampling of water from the Mud Lick creek to confirm or down play the findings of the present study. Overall, the experiment was successfully conducted because most of the hypotheses stated earlier are acceptable relative to the study findings. Appendix 1 7th Period –Mud lick Creek Project Log All items below are averages of all groups: DATE TIME TEST RESULTS Friday Nov. 5th, 2010 1:28pm – 2:17pm Dissolved Oxygen ppm = 4 8 Saturation = 55% pH 7.25 (Slightly Basic) Turbidity 0 JTU Temperatur e 12 oC DATE TIME TEST RESULTS Friday Nov. 19th, 2010 1:28pm – 2:17pm Dissolved Oxygen ppm = 8 Saturation = 74% pH 7.25 (Slightly Basic) Turbidity 0 JTU Temperature 12 oC DATE TIME TEST RESULTS Friday Dec. 3rd, 2010 1:28pm – 2:17pm Dissolved Oxygen ppm = 8 Saturation = 64% pH 7.25 (Slightly Basic) Turbidity 40 JTU Temperature 6 oC Appendix 2 Appendix 3 Appendix 3 Source: World Water Monitoring Day (16) OECD. OECD environment outlook. Paris, France: OECD Publications Services, 2001. Print. Pollution Issues. Water pollution: freshwater. Advameg, Inc., 2010. pollutionissues.com/Ve-Z/Water-Pollution-Freshwater.html Saunders, John Williams. The estimation of pollution damage. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1976. Print. World Health Organization. Guidelines for drinking water-water quality. 2nd ed. Malta: World Health Organization Publications, 1997. Print. World Water Monitoring Day. Test kits. WEF-IWA, 2009. Web.

Key Challenge Created By Contemporary Employee Relations Issues Essay

Key Challenge Created By Contemporary Employee Relations Issues - Essay Example The notion is defined as the employer-employee relationship in which the employee work under specific project terms with employees of same and/or different organisations, where responsibilities in regard to performances as well as for health and safety of the employee are not defined in clear manner or situations where â€Å"organisations other than the employer† are involved (Rollinson and Dundon, 2007, p.4; Edwards, 2003, p.1). Employee relationship and business organisations: According to Budd and Bhave (2006), employee relations were previously known as industrial relations and currently referred as human resources. It is a multidisciplinary field of study covering the different dimensions of work and employment associations. However â€Å"understanding the employment relationship, corporate human resource management practices, labor union strategies and work-related public policies and laws requires understanding how values and assumptions form the ideologies and frames of reference used by scholars, practitioners, and policymakers† (Budd and Bhave, 2006, p.5-1). Employees are considered as the most critical part of the employment relationship. There are various theories which describe the association between the manager and the employee. The pluralist perspective describes the fact that different values as well as assumptions under the employee relations are highly significant. An egoist perspective reveals the fact that when people regard the fact that perfectly competitive labour markets are optimal, then labour unions and different government regulations become detrimental to employees. A unitarist perspective assumes that employee relations are not needed to be defined when employees and employer possess the same interests in the business domain. Again according to a critical perspective these relations are regarded as insufficient when one person views that employment relationship represents imbalanced power relations which are embedded in higher level of social as well as political inequalities (Budd and Bhave, 2006, pp.5-1-5-2). There are various aspects which an employee would like to get from his work. One of the most important requirements is survival and income which is generated from working under employer. People work for the purpose of survival. Ancient people used basic tools made off stones to butcher animals and to cut firewood as well as to build primary shelters for themselves almost 2.5 million years back. In modern societies, salary income and wages represent means of purchasing basic products and services or to satisfy basic needs for life. Adam Smith (1776) as well as Karl Marx (1844) have hypothesized that income and wages for common labourers would fall to the level that will be consistent just to support subsistence level of consumption, so individuals would end up working for simply survival only. Along with income attainment for higher level of equity and greater voice is also required by em ployees (Budd and Bhave, 2006, 5-5-5-6). According to Budd and Bhave, (2006) experts in human resource management and psychologists dealing with corporate or industry related issues often opine that justice is an important aspect of employment. Adam’s equity theory is applicable in this context to such aspects. When an employee starts feeling that he is made to work more than others for the same pay, they are more than likely to reduce work efforts. Justice and

The Role of the School Curriculum and the Assessment of Childrens Essay

The Role of the School Curriculum and the Assessment of Childrens Learning - Essay Example This essay stresses that the school curriculum essentially answers two questions: what should be taught in schools and how it should be taught. Curriculum planners will typically establish a standard for teaching and learning and will determine expected outcomes and what should be taught and who teaching should be conducted in order to achieve expected outcomes. However, teachers are responsible for the implementation and development of the curriculum. All too often however, teachers have demonstrated a tendency to ignore the curriculum or make only a half-hearted attempt to fully implement the curriculum. This paper makes a conclusion that England’s school curriculum policy directs that all publically funded schools are required to develop a curriculum that is ‘balanced and broadly based’ and ‘promotes the spiritual, moral, cultural, mental and physical development of pupils at the school and of society’. The school curriculum must also ‘prepare pupils at the school for the opportunities, responsibilities and experiences of later life’. The national curriculum, which is a compulsory part of the school curriculum, ‘introduces’ student to the ‘best that has been thought and said; and helps engender an appreciation of human creativity and achievement’. In this regard, the national curriculum outlines main areas of education that students are at liberty to enhance and incorporate in lessons for helping children learn and develop skills and knowledge in compliance with the school’s curriculum.